Basic information
A small tropical paradise, which is the feeling beating in the heart of any Costa Rican and of all of those who set their eyes for the first time on its white-sand beaches along its coastlines, of that who experiences the motion of a blue river stream or fills his spirit with the cold and white mist which dances among the trees on a cloud forest. That is the feeling of those who breathe the fresh air when reaching the mountain summit or those who just shiver with the sound of an unknown bird when diving into the adventure of the unknown and new cultures to discover. Costa Rica is ranked as one of the greenest and happiest countries in the world, according to a new list that ranks nations, by combining measures of their ecological footprint with the happiness of their citizens. Those who live and spend time in Costa Rica fall in love with its natural, peaceful, and friendly environment.
Due to its position, the country belongs to the tropical area, and that is the reason seasons are not as well marked as in countries located closer to the polar circles. There is a well-defined dry season that runs from December through April and a rainy one that starts in May and goes all the way through late November; these two seasons are just called summer and winter. These two seasons, plus the altitudes and mountain landscape are indeed a mixture that contributes to varying the weather conditions from one area to another, creating in this way a wide number of microclimates along with the country territory. These microclimates together form unique ecosystems from the rain and cloud forests which are the country’s most representative ones.
Preserve nature was proclaimed in 1955 by the Costa Rican Tourism Bureau to declare as a National Park with a surface of around 2 km surrounding any Volcanoes Crater. This law is the first record of legislative promulgation on the conservation of the environment. Since decades ago, it is well known that Costa Rica preserves over 50% of the total national territory under some regimen of protection status, private or by the State. At present Costa Rica has around 850 species of birds (625 residents and 225 migratory), 230 species of mammals, and 235 species of reptiles in general, from 137 species of snakes (18 poisonous), 180 species of amphibious, 35 000 beetles and 20 000 species of lichens, it is just a small reference of the richness of the Biological Patrimony in this country
The political system is represented by three powers, which are The Executive Power, the Legislative Power and the Judicial Power. The Elections Supreme Court is considered the fourth power of the Republic. Every four years national elections are carried out. Among other positions of popular representation, the President of the Republic is elected through direct representation by secret ballot.
Costa Rica has a solid teaching scheme.
Since 1869, public education has been free and mandatory. The system is ranked 31st in the world, the highest in Latin America, according to the World Economic Forum Global Competitiveness Report 2018.
Education is recognized as a central pillar of social mobility and inclusion, sustainability, and civic engagement. This model has been made possible by a stable social welfare system that promotes a human-rights-based and people-centered approach to public policy.
Costa Rica has one of the strongest health systems in Latin America. Because it offers almost complete universal coverage through the Costa Rican Social Security Fund (CCSS) as a responsibility of the State, there are also coverage options through the private sector.
While there is no direct constitutional right to health, the constitution does recognize that human life is inviolable. Through this article, the Court found that the right to health was constitutionally guaranteed and protected.
The public health system has a network of 30 hospitals and 250 clinics.
On Dec. 1st, 1948, President José Figueres Ferrer dissolved the army of Costa Rica after winning a civil war. The battle was initiated by the rebel party and led by Figueres who proclaimed that Otilio Ulate President won the elections by committing fraud. One of Figueres’ first actions as the newly elected president of Costa Rica was to launch a new and demilitarized Costa Rica.
The nation remains democratic to this day and economic growth has been impressive without a standing military to invest in.
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